摘 要

目前，我国的金融业不断地发展和改革，银行在经营的过程中也在持续优化它的经营政策与战略，但是也不能避免一些不良贷款的存在。不良贷款是一个全球性的问题，它影响金融市场的整体稳定性，对银行业的可行性影响更加重大。衡量银行经营状况和国家金融体系稳定性的重要指标是银行不良贷款率。随着经济的不断发展，中小企业实现跨越式发展，中小企业贷款数额与数量呈上升趋势，由于这种情况，商业银行的不良贷款纷纷涌现。目前，国内经济增长趋于缓和，国内产业结构不断的调整，许多行业需求不足，企业盈利下降，陷入困境。宏观经济以及外部环境变动使得商业银行不良贷款面临诸多新的影响因素。在我国，存在制度和环境等诸多因素，许多不良贷款处置方式无法发挥预期效果，国有商业银行不良贷款居高不下，大规模不良贷款将对经济发展构成巨大威胁，同时也给金融业带来风险。因此，研究我国商业银行不良贷款的成因，对提高我国商业银行的盈利能力有着积极的影响，正确认识和分析我国国有商业银行不良贷款的现状和成因，采取有效措施解决我国国有商业银行不良贷款问题。不良贷款对国有经济体制改革、国有商业银行改革和金融体系稳定具有重要意义。通过对国内外案例的比较，从商业银行不良贷款率的角度出发进行分析。研究不良贷款成因的结果与现实相比，能够公正客观的看出现实存在的问题，对于银行的管理层能够提供一些理论信息。

关键词：商业银行；不良贷款；经济发展

Research on the cause of Non-performing Commercial Banks in china

ABSTRACT

At present, China's financial industry is constantly developing and reforming. Banks continue to optimize their business policies and strategies in the course of their operations, but they cannot avoid the existence of some non-performing loans. Non-performing loans are a global problem that affects the overall stability of financial markets, especially the viability of the banking industry. The bank non-performing loan ratio is an important indicator to measure the bank's operating conditions and the stability of the national financial system. With the development of the economy, SMEs have advanced by leaps and bounds, and the amount and quantity of SME loans have been increasing. It is precisely because of this situation that non-performing loans of commercial banks are also emerging. At present, the domestic economic growth is slowing down, the domestic industrial structure is constantly adjusting, many industries are not in demand, and corporate profits are falling, and they are in trouble. Macroeconomic and external environmental changes have made commercial banks' non-performing loans face many new influencing factors. In China, there are still many factors such as system and environment. Many non-performing loan disposal methods can not exert the expected results. The non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks remain high. Large-scale non-performing loans will pose a huge threat to economic development. The financial industry brings risks to operations. Therefore, the research on the causes of non-performing loans of commercial banks in China is conducive to improving the profitability of China's commercial banks, correctly understanding and analyzing the status quo and causes of non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks in China, and taking effective measures to resolve non-performing loans to the state-owned economic system. Reform, reform of state-owned commercial banks, and stability of the financial system are of great significance. This paper analyzes the non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks through the comparison of domestic and foreign cases. The results of studying the causes of non-performing loans can be compared with reality in a fair and objective way, and the management of the bank can provide some theoretical information.

Key words: commercial banks, non-performing loans, economic development

目录

1.导论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究目的及意义 1

1.2.1研究目的 1

1.2.2研究意义 1

1.3国内外研究状况 2

1.3.1国外研究状况 2

1.3.2国内研究状况 3

1.3.3评述 5

1.4研究内容与研究方法 5

1.4.1研究内容 5

1.4.2研究方法 5

2.我国商业银行不良贷款状况和成因 6

2.1不良贷款的概念 6

2.2我国商业银行不良贷款整体现状 6

2.3我国商业银行不良贷款形成的原因 6

2.3.1外部原因 6

2.3.2内部原因 9

3.商业银行不良贷款分析——以中国工商银行为例 11

3.1工商银行发展历程 11

3.2工商银行不良贷款的状况 11

3.3工商银行对不良贷款的处置方式 15

4.商业银行不良贷款的影响及化解对策 16

4.1商业银行不良贷款的影响 16

4.2商业银行不良贷款的化解对策 16

5.结论 19

6.致谢 20

参考文献： 21

1.导论

1.1研究背景

吸收公众的存款、发放贷款是商业银行的主要业务，同时追求利润最大化，其中发放贷款又是商业银行最为传统且重要的业务，商业银行的主要收入来自贷款利息收入。然而，虽然贷款业务会给商业银行带来颇丰的利润，但同时也带来了很大的风险。这其中以不良贷款的风险最为突出。一般而言，未能按照签署的贷款合同履行相应的义务，在规定的时间内不能归还本金和利息，从而带来损失的贷款被称为不良贷款。不良贷款将导致银行不能正常收回贷款的利息，甚至连本金都无法正常完整的回收，这必将给商业银行带来严重的损失。因此，控制不良贷款对单个银行的业绩和经济的金融环境都非常重要。

2018年第一季度商业银行不良贷款余额1.77万亿元，第二季度末，商业银行不良贷款余额1.96万亿元，比上季度末增加1829亿元；商业银行不良贷款率为1.86%，比上季度末增长0.12个百分点。截至2018年底，商业银行不良贷款余额为2万亿元，不良贷款率为1.89%；相关贷款余额3.4万亿元，贷款利率3.16%，比2016年峰值低1个百分点；贷款逾期90天不良贷款率为92.8%，比去年底下降6.9个百分点。显然，中国商业银行的不良贷款率正在上升。

1.2研究目的及意义