制造成本法与作业成本法的比较毕业论文

 2021-04-19 10:04

摘 要

全球经济市场竞争愈演愈烈,中国众多企业被迫进入微利时代,企业在面对这样的激烈市场竞争环境时,不得不谋发展,求生存。为适应当下市场环境,产品多样化成为各企业应对市场变动的重要手段。产品的多样化必然要求核算方法的变动,目前的成本核算系统,以及制造环境就必然要进行相应的调整,这也是为了满足企业管理战略变化的要求。准确的会计信息成为企业刚性需求,核算方法随之改善,作业成本法应运而生。

本文将通过研究作业成本法的最新理论和剖析作业成本法的详细运算流程,对比制造成本法,分析二者之间的差异,为企业寻找出更加科学的、可操作的成本核算方法,也为企业更加详细的、科学的和准确的成本信息。碍于国内企业对市场环境变化的后知后觉,国内大多数企业在核算成本的工作当中存在两种成本法并存的局面,针对企业现阶段成本核算表现,最后,将两种成本核算方法给出一些改进的建议。

关键词:作业成本法;制造成本法;成本计算;成本库

Manufacturing cost method and the comparison of homework cost method

ABSTRACT

More and more fierce global market competition, most of Chinese enterprises are forced into low-profit era, enterprises in face of such fierce competition in the market environment, had to seek policy for the purpose of survival. In order to meet the current market environment, product diversification has become an important measure for the personal companies respond to market changes. Product diversification inevitable requirement changes accounting method, the current cost accounting system, as well as the manufacturing environment is bound to be adjusted accordingly, which is to meet the changing requirements of enterprise management strategy. To further enhance the accuracy of cost information and cost information to achieve business demand for scientific accuracy, activity-based costing emerged.

This article will study activity based on costing analysis of the cost of the latest theories and work methods detailed operational flow, compared to manufacturing cost, as well as lists of the pros and cons of the differences between the two in terms of the production, not only for businesses to find out more scientific, operational cost accounting method, but also for enterprises to be more detailed, scientific, accurate cost information. Domestic enterprises due to changing market conditions hindsight, most domestic enterprises, there are two cost method coexist that in cost accounting work which, at the present stage costing for business performance, this article will stand a fair and impartial angle in making two kinds of cost accounting to analyze trends.

Key words:Activity一based Costing; Manufacturing costing ;Cost calculation; Value Chain

目 录

1. 绪论................................................................1

1.1 研究背景..........................................................1

1.2 研究的目的及意义..................................................1

1.3 国内外研究综述..................................................2

1.3.1 国外研究综述................................................2

1.3.2 国内研究综述................................................3

2. 两种成本法的概述.......................................................4

2.1 制造成本法的概述...................................................4

2.2作业成本法的概述.................................................4

3. 两种成本法的对比分析................................................... 6

3.1 两种成本法的流程图................................................6

3.1.1 制造成本法在企业的运作流程图演示............................6

3.1.2 作业成本法在企业的运作流程图演示...........................7

3.2两种成本法的主体差异..........................................8

3.3 两种成本法的优缺点分析............................................ 9

3.3.1 两种成本法的优点............................................ 9

3.3.2 两种成本法的缺点........................................... 10

3.3.3 针对两种优缺点为企业做出利弊权衡........................... 10

3.4两种成本法的其他差异..........................................11

4. 案例分析...........................................................13

4.1 某制造企业基本信息................................................13

4.2 作业成本法使用流程................................................13

4.3 制造成本法与之对比结果............................................16

5

5. 关于两种成本法的改进建议........................................18

5.1 制造成本法的改进建议............................................18

5.2 作业成本法的改进建议.............................................19

结论 .............................................................20

致谢 ..........................................................21

参考文献 .............................................................22

1 绪论

1.1研究背景

自上个世纪八十年代后,我国众多企业因为内部和外部的环境发生了巨大的变化而不得不重新规划使用新的成本核算的方法。根据某些资料显示, 在上个世纪八十年代,企业在生产过程中产生的间接费用占全部生产费用的比重值来看,美国的比重占到百分之三十五,日本的比重也占到了百分之二十六。单单看美国和日本的制造业,这一比值在日本尽然高达到百分之五十至六十,远在大洋彼岸的美国却也高达到百分之七十五。会出现这样的情况恰恰是制造成本法导致的。企业不能根据形势的改变做好战略调整。所以,无论在企业的外部还是内部,面对愈来愈激烈的市场竞争,企业要想脱颖而出,就势必要以客户需求来转变生产模式。这也使得求企业必须能更为准确地确定自身在投入生产过程中资源消耗值。基于对传统的成本理论的认知,成本是客观的费用,总和是资金在运作过程中的总量,它只是揭示了成本和经济形式的实质,但没有反映成本形成的动态流程;但通过作业成本法即“ABC”法,将成本与产品成本相关的形式相连,生动地显示出成本形成的动态过程,成本的概念更加完整和具体。

正是在这种企业必须要进行革新来适应新环境之下,作业成本法及以此为基础的作业管理(Activity-Based Costing Management, ABCM)由此出现,并且成为了中流砥柱。这正是因为作业成本法的一下几个创新点:精确的成本信息、蜕变的经营模式、详细,科学的信息。这都成为了新时代下企业的运作需求。现实中,世界上众多的公司或者企业都将作业成本法作为主要的运作成本法,这能够很好提升企业的竞争力,加快企业生产步伐,减少运作成本的同时增加收益。

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