摘 要

为了确保2020年实现“全面建成小康社会，一个不能少；共同富裕的道路上，一个不能掉队”的庄严承诺，保证中国现行标准下的农村贫困人口、贫困户全部脱贫，贫困村、贫困县全部退出，如今的脱贫攻坚战依旧艰苦。尤其是基础薄弱、形势复杂、贫困程度深重的少数民族地区，更是我国扶贫工作的重点、难点。

新疆南疆四地州是脱贫攻坚主战场之一，在当前情形下脱贫工作的措施及效果对其他少数民族地区具有一定借鉴意义。南疆四地州精准扶贫工作领域还存在不少短板，如何将精准扶贫的理论指导与实际紧密结合在一起，深入贯彻实施党的领导，在实践中检验精准扶贫相关理论，是少数民族地区决胜全面小康社会的首要目标。精准扶贫政策不同于以往“漫灌”式的扶贫，从识别到帮扶再到管理，都更加注重政策落户到人，因人施策。

本文以喀什地区疏勒县为研究对象，通过分析南疆四地州特困连片区及疏勒县整体的自然、经济环境，结合所获取的资料，探究疏勒县及下属12个乡镇精准扶贫工作中所运用的措施、模式，并揭示出疏勒县在完成整体目标前仍需要解决的一些问题。全文一共分为7个部分，第一章为绪论，主要阐述了精准扶贫相关的研究背景、意义和方法；第二章是对有关精准扶贫的概念理论进行阐述，为后续的阅读奠定理论基础；第三章为文献综述；第四章主要介绍了疏勒县扶贫概况、现状、致贫原因等；第五章介绍了疏勒县精准扶贫的模式以及效果；第六章主要阐述了疏勒县近几年的扶贫成效；第七章是针对上述精准扶贫工作中存在的问题，并据此提出对策建议。

关键词：精准扶贫；少数民族地区；扶贫模式；疏勒县

Investigation and study on the Model and effect of accurate Poverty Alleviation in ethnic Minority areas of XinJiang Shule County

Abstract

In order to ensure the realization of the solemn promise of "building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020; on the road to common prosperity, one can not be left behind", and to ensure that all the poor people and poor households in rural areas under the current standards of China will be lifted out of poverty, and all the poor villages and counties will be withdrawn from poverty. The current battle against poverty is still very arduous. Especially in ethnic minority areas with weak foundation, complex situation and deep poverty level, it is the focus and difficulty of poverty alleviation in China at present.

The four prefectures in Southern Xinjiang are one of the main battlefields for poverty alleviation. The measures and effects of poverty alleviation work under the current situation can be used for reference in other minority areas. There are still many shortcomings in the field of precise poverty alleviation in the four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang. How to combine the theoretical guidance of precise poverty alleviation with the reality, carry out policy leadership in depth, and test the truth from practice are the primary goals for minority areas to win a well-off society in an all-round way. Precision poverty alleviation policy is different from the previous "flooding" type of poverty alleviation, from identification to help and then to management, all pay more attention to policy settling to people, according to people.

This paper takes Shule County in Kashgar as the research object, through the analysis of the natural and economic environment of the extremely poor areas and the whole Shule County in the four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang, and combined with the obtained data, explores the measures and modes used in the precise poverty alleviation work in Shule County and its 12 subordinate townships, and reveals some problems that Shule County still needs to solve before completing the overall goal. The full text is divided into seven parts, the first chapter is the introduction, mainly elaborated the precision poverty alleviation related research background, the significance and the method; the second chapter is about the precision poverty alleviation concept theory, lays the theoretical foundation for the follow-up reading; The third chapter is literature review; the fourth chapter mainly introduces the general situation of poverty alleviation in Shule County, the present situation, the causes of poverty and so on; the fifth chapter introduces the model and effect of accurate poverty alleviation in Shule County; the sixth chapter mainly expounds the poverty alleviation effect in Shule County in recent years. The seventh chapter is aimed at the problems existing in the above accurate poverty alleviation work, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

Key word：Accurate Poverty Alleviation; Minority Areas; Poverty Alleviation Model

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究意义 2

1.2.1现实意义 2

1.2.2理论意义 2

1.3研究思路和方法 3

1.3.1研究思路 3

1.3.2研究方法 3

第二章 相关概念界定及理论依据 4

2.1相关概念界定 4

2.1.1贫困界定 4

2.1.2精准扶贫概念的界定 4

2.1.3精准扶贫标准线界定 5

2.1.4精准扶贫贫困县、村、贫困人口退出标准 5

2.2 理论依据 6

2.2.1纳尔逊低水平均衡陷阱理论 6

2.2.2刘易斯贫困文化理论 6

第三章 国内外研究综述 7

3.1国内研究现状 7

3.1.1理论角度分析精准扶贫 7

3.1.2实践角度分析精准扶贫 8

3.2国外研究现状 9

3.3文献评述 9

第四章 疏勒县精准扶贫现状分析 11

4.1疏勒县县情概况 11

4.1.1地理位置 11

4.1.2人口规模 11

4.1.3经济发展基本情况 11

4.1.4少数民族的分布 12

4.2疏勒县扶贫开发基本情况 13

4.2.1疏勒县贫困概况 13

4.2.2疏勒县扶贫概况 13

4.3疏勒县贫困人口致贫因素 13

4.3.1宏观角度 13

4.3.2微观角度 14

第五章 疏勒县扶贫模式 16

5.1“卫星工厂 幼儿入托”模式 16

5.2“科研 种业 基地 农户”订单农业模式 16

5.3“龙头企业经营、贫困户入股分成”模式 17