摘 要

据2016年7月民政部颁发的《2015年社会服务发展统计公报》可以看出,截止到2015年年底,我国60岁及以上老年人口数达2.22亿人,占到总人口的16.1%。中国传统家庭养老功能逐渐弱化，未富先老的现象加剧家庭和个人所面临的养老风险。如何根据老龄化趋势及时作出应对之策，成为当前亟待解决的社会问题。

固原市位于宁夏南部山区，气候干燥、环境恶劣、交通不便，是国家级贫困区。随着日益增多的老年人口和不断增加的养老服务需求，固原市的养老问题越来越严峻，完善和加强固原市社会养老服务体系有重要的现实意义。

本文立足于宁夏固原市，整理了国内外有关社会养老服务的研究成果，通过对乡镇敬老院的老人、民生园社区、宋家巷社区的老人发放问卷，了解目前固原市老年群体的养老需求；走访固原市民政局、固原银海社区居家养老服务中心、固原城区敬老院等养老机构，编写机构负责人谈话提纲对养老机构负责人进行个案访谈，了解当前固原地区社会养老服务的供给现状。从固原市老年人的养老需求、养老服务供给现状和养老意愿等方面描述宁夏固原市社会养老的建设情况，从调查情况中发现宁夏固原市社会养老服务体系存在的问题并探索发生的原因。最后，结合宁夏固原市的具体情况来制定对策，完善宁夏固原社会养老服务体系。

本文运用文献研究法、实证分析法，以宁夏固原市为例对经济欠发达地区的社会养老服务体系进行研究。通过实地调查宁夏固原地区养老服务供给和需求现状，主要的得出了以下结论：（1）有限的养老资源供给和日益增加的养老服务需求的矛盾让固原市的养老问题越来越严峻。（2）经过实地的调查发现，目前宁夏固原地区老年人是愿意接受的是居家养老服务和社区养老服务。（3）经济欠发达地区的社会养老需要以政府为主要的责任主体来协调资金、服务、管理三大问题。

关键词：社会养老服务；经济欠发达；老龄化

Research on the construction of social pension service system in Underdeveloped Areas

——Ningxia, Guyuan for example

ABSTRACT

According to the "Social Service Development Statistics Bulletin 2015" issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in July 2016, it can be seen that by the end of 2015, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above reached 222 million, accounting for 16.1% of the total population. China's traditional family pension function gradually weakened, not the first of the old phenomenon intensified family and individuals face the risk of pension. How to respond according to the aging trend in a timely manner to become the current urgent problem to be solved.

 Guyuan is located in the mountainous area of southern ningxia, and it is a poverty-stricken area. As a growing number of elderly population and the increasing pension service demand, natural guyuan city endowment problem more and more serious, to improve and strengthen the natural guyuan city social endowment service system has important practical significance.

Based on the research results of social old-age service at home and abroad, this paper is based on the research results of social old-age service at home and abroad. Through the questionnaire on the old people in the township homes, the people's livelihood community and the Songjiaxiang community, Guyuan City Civil Affairs Bureau, Guyuan Yinhai community home care service center, Guyuan city nursing homes and other pension agencies, the preparation of the body responsible for the conversation outline of the pension agencies responsible person case interviews to understand the current Guyuan area of social pension service supply status. This paper describes the construction of the social pension in Guyuan city of Ningxia from the aspects of the old - age demand of the elderly in Guyuan city, the present situation of the old - age service supply and the willingness to provide for the old - age, and finds out the problems of the social old - age service system in Guyuan city of Ningxia and explores the causes. Finally, combined with the specific situation of Ningxia Guyuan City to develop countermeasures to improve the Ningxia Guyuan social pension service system.

This paper uses the literature research method and the empirical analysis method, taking Guyuan city of Ningxia as an example to study the social old-age service system in the economically underdeveloped areas. (1) The contradiction between the limited supply of old-age resources and the increasing demand for old-age services has made the problem of old-age pension in Guyuan City more and more serious. The main problems are as follows. (2) after field investigation found that the current Ningxia Guyuan area is willing to accept the elderly elderly home care services and community pension services. (3) The social pension in economically underdeveloped areas needs to coordinate the three major problems of capital, service and management with the government as the main responsibility main body.

Key words: social pension service; underdeveloped economy; aging目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景以及目的 1

1.2 研究意义 1

1.3 研究思路与研究方法 1

2 相应的概念界定及文献综述 3

2.1 概念辨析 3

2.2 文献综述 3

2.2.1 养老服务模式的研究 3

2.2.2 养老服务需求的研究 4

2.2.3 养老服务供给研究 4

2.2.4 养老服务社会化研究 4

2.2.5 述评 5

3 固原市社会养老服务体系实证研究 6

3.1 固原市社区养老服务的现状 6

3.1.1 宁夏固原市老年人口 6

3.1.2 固原市社会养老服务工作的开展情况 6

3.1.3 固原地区老年人基础养老金不断提高 7

3.2 宁夏固原市社会养老服务需求状况调查 7

3.2.1 调查的设计与实施 8

3.2.2 调查对象的基本情况和养老服务需求及意愿 9

3.3 宁夏固原市社会养老服务供给状况调查 10

3.3.1 总体供给状况 10

3.3.2 具体供给状况调查 11

4 固原市社会养老服务体系存在的问题 13

4.1 基础设施建设不足 13